Thursday, May 5, 2011

Socratic Questioning - Process to Clarify Thinking


In my recent training session with my team I covered the importance of questioning to clarify thinking. When your thinking becomes clear it gives you power and you will be able to help others to clarify their thinking. All challenges stems from your thinking. The cause is our thinking and the effect is the challenge and or outcome. So get your thinking clear by asking QUESTIONS? The quality of your QUESTION determines the quality of the RESPONSE!


 Use Socratic Questioning to Clarify Thinking

Conceptual clarification questions
Get them to think more about what exactly they are asking or thinking about.  Prove the concepts behind their argument.  Basic 'tell me more' questions that get them to go deeper.
·      Why are you saying that?
·      What exactly does this mean?
·      How does this relate to what we have been talking about?
·      What is the nature of ...?
·      What do we already know about this?
·      Can you give me an example?
·      Are you saying ... or ... ?
·      Can you rephrase that, please?

Probing assumptions
Probing of assumptions makes them think about the presuppositions and  unquestioned beliefs on which they are founding their argument. This is shaking  the bedrock and should get them really going!
·      What else could we assume?
·      You seem to be assuming ... ?
·      How did you choose those assumptions?
·      Please explain why/how ... ?
·      How can you verify or disprove that assumption?
·      What would happen if ... ?
·      Do you agree or disagree with  ... ?

Probing rationale, reasons and evidence
When they give a rationale for their arguments, dig into that reasoning  rather than assuming it is a given. People often use un-thought-through or  weakly understood supports for their arguments.
·      Why is that happening?
·      How do you know this?
·      Show me ... ?
·      Can you give me an example of that?
·      What do you think causes ... ?
·      What is the nature of this?
·      Are these reasons good enough?
·      Would it stand up in court?
·      How might it be refuted?
·      How can I be sure of what you are saying?
·      Why is ... happening?
·      Why? (keep asking it -- you'll never get past a few times)
·      What evidence is there to support what you are saying?
·      On what authority are you basing your argument?

Questioning viewpoints and perspectives
Most arguments are given from a particular position. So attack the position.  Show that there are other, equally valid, viewpoints.
Another way of looking at this is ..., does this seem reasonable?
·      What  alternative ways of looking at this are there?
·      Why it is ... necessary?
·      Who benefits from this?
·      What is the difference between... and...?
·      Why is it better than ...?
·      What are the strengths and weaknesses of...?
·      How are ... and ... similar?
·      What would ... say about it?
·      What if you compared ... and ... ?
·      How could you look another way at this?

Probe implications and consequences
The argument that they give may have logical implications that can be  forecast. Do these make sense? Are they desirable?
·      Then what would happen?
·      What are the consequences of that assumption?
·      How could ... be used to ... ?
·      What are the implications of ... ?
·      How does ... affect ... ?
·      How does ... fit with what we learned before?
·      Why is ... important?
·      What is the best ... ? Why?

Questions about the question
And you can also get reflexive about the whole thing, turning the question in  on itself. Use their attack against themselves. Bounce the ball back into their  court. Etc.
·      What was the point of asking that question?
·      Why do you think I asked this question?
·      What does that mean?

Source: http://www.criticalthinking.org/

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